IONIC BONDING

• Chemical Bond formed between 2 oppositely charged ions by the transfer of electrons.
• Involves a metal and a non metal element
• The farther two elements are across the periodic table; the more likely they are to form an ionic compound

Sodium  (on the left) loses its one valence electron to chlorine who has 7 valence electrons (on the right),

The Result is.. 

 A positively charged sodium ion (left) and a negatively charged chlorine ion (right).

NOTE: Chlorine became negatively charged because it gained an electron which has a negative charge. And Sodium became postively charged because it has more protons+ than electrons-

ILLUSTRATION

USING LEWIS ELECTRON DOT SYSTEM

Element Pair

             Lithium has 2 valence electrons .

Chlorine has 7 valence electrons 

 

Electron Transfer

Lewis Structure

The Ionic Compound

Covalent Bonding

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  Sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction
  
  
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        Covalent bonding occurs because the atoms in the compound have a similar tendency for electrons (generally to gain electrons).
  
  
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        This most commonly occurs when two nonmetals bond together. Because both of the nonmetals will want to gain electrons, the elements involved will share electrons in an effort to fill their valence shells
  
  
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        Neither atom completely loses or gains electrons as in ionic bonding

There are two types of covalent bonding:

1. Non-polar bonding

2. Polar bonding

Nonpolar Covalent Bonding

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  A nonpolar covalent bond is formed when an element has an equal attraction or affinity for electrons
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  It is also formed whenever two atoms of the same element bond together.
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  The H2 molecule is a good example of the first type of covalent bond, the non-polar bond. 

Polar Covalent Bonding

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  When electrons are unequally shared between two atoms, a polar covalent bond is formed
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  it also occurs when one atom has a stronger affinity for electrons than the other.
• • A good example of a polar covalent bond is the hydrogen-oxygen bond in the water molecule.

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  IMPORTANT TERMS!!
  
  
  
  
  
  

        - Single covalent bond

  It is the sharing of a single pair of electron between bonded atoms. 

  
  
  

  -          Double covalent bond

  Shares 2 electron pairs

  
  
  

  -          Triple covalent bond

  Shares 3 electron pairs

  
  

  
  

  -          Bonding electrons

  Electrons shared between the 2 atoms

  
  
  

  -          Lone Pairs

  Valence electron pairs that are not involved in bonding

  
  

GROUP 8
CHUA
CORNELIO
DUMPIT 
CATAPANG
CARBONEL