Periods, Groups, Families, 

& Valence Electron

1 H

2 He

3 Li

4 Be

5 B

6 C

7 N

8 O

9 F

10 Ne

11 Na

12 Mg

13 Al

14 Si

15 P

16 S

17 Cl

18 Ar

19 K

20 Ca

21 Sc

22 Ti

23 V

24 Cr

25 Mn

26 Fe

27 Co

28 Ni

29 Cu

30 Zn

31 Ga

32 Ge

33 As

34 Se

35 Br

36 Kr

37 Rb

38 Sr

39 Y

40 Zr

41 Nb

42 Mo

43 Tc

44 Ru

45 Rh

46 Pd

47 Ag

48 Cd

49 In

50 Sn

51 Sb

52 Te

53 I

54 Xe

55 Cs

56 Ba

*

72 Hf

73 Ta

74 W

75 Re

76 Os

77 Ir

78 Pt

79 Au

80 Hg

81 Tl

82 Pb

83 Bi

84 Po

85 At

86 Rn

87 Fr

88 Ra

**

104 Rf

105 Db

106 Sg

107 Bh

108 Hs

109 Mt

110 Ds

111 Rg

112 Cn

113 Uut

114 Uuq

115 Uup

116 Uuh

117 Uus

118 Uuo

57 La

58 Ce

59 Pr

60 Nd

61 Pm

62 Sm

63 Eu

64 Gd

65 Tb

66 Dy

67 Ho

68 Er

69 Tm

70 Yb

71 Lu

89 Ac

90 Th

91 Pa

92 U

93 Np

94 Pu

95 Am

96 Cm

97 Bk

98 Cf

99 Es

100 Fm

101 Md

102 No

103 Lr

Alkali Metal	Alkaline Earth	Basic Metal
Halogen	Noble Gas	Non Metal
Rare Earth	Semi-Metal	Transition Metal

Periods
The elements in rows are called as periods. A sequence of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number and forming one of the horizontal rows in the periodic table.  The period number of an element signifies the highest unexcited energy level for an electron in that element. The number of elements in a period increases as you move down the periodic table because there are more sublevels per level as the energy level of the atom increases. It ranges from period 1 until period 7.


Note: All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.

Groups
In chemistry, it is considered to be a set of chemical elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table. The elements in a group have similarities in the electronic configuration of their atoms, and thus they exhibit somewhat related physical and chemical properties. They are composed of group IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, VIIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, VIIIA.


Note: The group number of an element is equal to its valence electron.


Families
Families are groups of elements with similar chemical properties. In the periodic table of elements, a family is a vertical column which is alike as the groups. Each group has a corresponding family:

• Group IA - Alkali Metals
• Group IIA - Alkaline Earth Metals
• Group IIIB - Early Transition Metals 
• Group IVB - Early Transition Metals
• Group VB - Early Transition Metals
• Group VIB - Early Transition Metals
• Group VIIB - Early Transition Metals
• Group VIIIB- Late Transition Metals
• Group IB - Late Transition Metals
• Group IIB - Late Transition Metals
• Group IIIA - Boron
• Group IVA - Carbon
• Group VA- Nitrogen
• Group VIA - Oxygen
• Group VIIA- Halogens
• Group VIIIA - Noble Gases

Valence Electron
The valence electrons are the electrons in the last shell or energy level of an atom. They do show a repeating or periodic pattern. The valence electrons increase in number as you go across a period. Then when you start the new period, the number drops back down to one and starts increasing again. 


Note: Number of Valence electrons = Group Number

Exercises
I. PERIODS:
1. There are __ periods in the Periodic Table of Elements
2. Elements in a period are arranged from left to right by increasing ______ ______.
3. The elements Tantalum and Osmium can be found on which period?
4. Vanadium and Calcium are on the same period. True or False?
5. Give 3 elements that can be found on the 6th period.


II. GROUPS:

1. There are __ groups in the Periodic Table of Elements
2. Groups are horizontal rows of elements on the Periodic Table. True or False?
3. The elements Aluminum and Indium can be found on the __th group.
4. Oxygen and Polonium can be found on the same group. True or False?
5. The group number of an element is equal to its _______ ________.


III. FAMILIES:

1. A family is a _____ of elements with the same chemical properties.
2. What is the family name of Group IVA?
3. Lithium and Strontium are located on the same family. True or False?
4. Give 3 elements from the Chalcogens family.
5. How many elements can be found in the Alkali Metals family?


IV. VALENCE:
1 - 5. Give the valence of an element that has an atomic number of 3, 20, 31, 17 & 8.


V: ALL FOUR TOPICS:
1-5. Give the Period, Group, Family, & Valence of an element that has an atomic number of 19, 33, 5, 12, and 36 without look at the periodic table.


Members

• Encarnacion, Carol
• Evangelista, Kaira
• Fernandez, Gaby
• Isaac, Bianca
• Jayco, Christelle

Reference
http://chemistry.about.com/library/blperiodictable.htm
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/period
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/247062/group
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/family
http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-06/valence_electrons.htm