Green Chemistry
In seeking a cleaner and convenient environment and a more sustainable future, chemists developed a set of principles which is called the Green Chemistry. This was published by Paul Anastas and John Warner in Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, New York: Oxford University Press in the year 1998.

12 Principles of Green Chemistry:

1. Prevention: It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

Example: It is better to prevent throwing our trash anywhere than cleaning it so that when we clean, we wouldn't clean the same amount as what we've cleaned before since we have prevented the increase of the trash around us. 
2. Atom Economy: Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.

Example: When you make paper out of leaves, it follows this principle because you're using non harmful things to make paper.
3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis: Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.

Example: Using palm oil as a replacement for fuel because it's non-hazardous.
4. Designing Safer Chemicals: Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.

Example: In producing skin products, we can use natural products rather than using organic or synthetic products.






5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries: The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.

Example: Using salt and/or water as solvents or separation agents.





6. Design for Energy Efficiency: Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

Example: Chemical processes that needs or requires the use of energy should be minimized if possible. Instead of using electricity to heat a chemical like the hot plate, we can just use the tirril burner or alcohol lamp in heating.





7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks: A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.

Example: Styrofoam is an example of a non-renewable feedstock or material. It violates this principle because once it is destroyed, we cannot use it anymore and the only way to get rid of it is depleting or diminishing its number or quantity that removes the essence of this principle.



8. Reduce Derivatives: Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/ deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.



9. Catalysis: Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.



10. Design for Degradation: Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.



11. Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention: Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.



12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention:
Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.







References:
http://www.epa.gov/gcc/pubs/principles.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_chemistry
http://academic.scranton.edu/faculty/cannm1/intro.html



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Admin, Christelle Jayco. 
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